In a follow-up to last week’s story about the NRA declaring bankruptcy and reincorporating in Texas, John Richardson of No Lawyers—Only Guns and Money sent me a link to this piece, in which bankruptcy lawyer Adam Levitin analyses the gambit, and brings up several potential pitfalls in carrying it off.
This is going to be one heck of an interesting case. There are already so many glaring issues (or should I say “targets”?): venue, good faith filing, disclosures, the automatic stay the trustee question, fiduciary duties to pursue claims against insiders, executory employment contracts, the fate of Wayne LaPierre, and the generally overlooked governance provisions of the Bankruptcy Code. I’ll take quick aim at these all below.
Venue. Right off the bat, there’s a question of what the heck the NRA is doing filing in Dallas. The answer is that the NRA is engaged in one of the most blatant forum shopping maneuvers I’ve seen. The NRA is a New York non-profit corporation with its headquarters in Virginia. The NRA is claiming Dallas venue on the basis of an affiliate’s previous filing in the district. In other words, venue is only proper for the NRA if the venue is proper for the affiliate.Therefore, the propriety of the affiliate’s venue is what matters.
The affiliate is a sole-member Texas LLC called Sea Girt LLC that was only created 52 days ago, on November 24, 2020. Sea Girt’s bankruptcy petition indicates that it has less than 49 employees, under $50,000 in assets and between $50,000 and $100,000 in liabilities. Note that the petition form does not have an option of listing “zero” employees. Sea Girt’s petition does not include a completed Form 204, which would list is largest non-insider unsecured creditors. But I’m going dollars to donuts that Sea Girt does not have any outside creditors other than perhaps its law firm, and that it does not actually carry on any business.
Now the bankruptcy venue statute prescribes the appropriate venue as being the district in which the “domicile…of the entity that is the subject of such case [has] been located for one hundred and eighty days immediately preceding such commencement, or for a longer portion of such one-hundred-and-eighty-day period than the domicile … of such person were located in any other district.” So even though Sea Girt LLC has not been in existence for 180 days, the statute still provides for a Texas venue. But the venue here is so obviously contrived and the NRA has no particular connect to Texas, so I expect there to be an attempt to have the case transferred to SDNY.
Good faith filing. A second immediate issue seems to be whether the NRA (and Sea Girt) filed in good faith. Every circuit including the 5th) has a good faith filing doctrine. The doctrine in a nutshell is that if a bankruptcy case does not have a “valid reorganizational purpose,” it should be dismissed “for cause.” Attempting to evade liability in litigation is not a “valid reorganizational purpose,” and the NRA’s press release seemed to me a version of the press release in SGL Carbon, the leading 3rd Circuit good faith filing doctrine case. In SGL Carbon, the debtor foolishly said that it was filing for bankruptcy just to stiff a competitor that had an antitrust suit against it and assured its other creditors that they would be paid in full. That sounds an awful lot like “dumping New York” while saying that all valid claims will be paid in full. (My students might recall me cautioning them that a debtor’s attorneys should insist that they get to sign off on all press releases and communications related to the bankruptcy for just this reason…) Now, the NRA isn’t looking to avoid paying NY. Instead, it is looking to escape NY’s jurisdiction. But that seems a distinction without a difference. It isn’t hoping to use bankruptcy to reorganize its finances, but to get out of the lion cage.
Snip.
Disclosure. Filing for bankruptcy is a bit like entering a fishbowl. Everything is on display. First, creditors are entitled to conduct an “examination of the debtor” under oath at the initial meeting of the creditors (the “341 meeting.”) Additionally, an individual creditor may under Bankruptcy Rule 2004 undertake an examination of the debtor. (And that includes creditors who are creditors by virtue of by claims–that could include gun-control groups among others.) There’s certainly room there for questions that get to the reasons for filing, namely whether there was any financial reason for filing.
Automatic Stay? Another issue is whether the bankruptcy filing will in any way stop the NY AG’s action to dissolve the NRA. At the very least, the automatic stay should not. There is an exception in section 362(b)(4) from the stay for regulatory actions that are not seeking money from the debtor, and the NYAG suit seems squarely in that exception. It’s possible that the NRA will seek a supplementary injunction from the bankruptcy court, however.
Trustee or Conversion. While I would expect a venue motion or a motion to dismiss the case, I would also expect a motion for appointment of a trustee or conversion to chapter 7 (which would trigger a trustee). The NRA seems like a classic case for this—there are credible allegations of serious financial impropriety involving the current management (namely executive VP Wayne LaPierre). That both fits into the “fraud, dishonesty, incompetence, or gross mismanagement” route for a trustee’s appointment, or into the “best interests of the creditors” route. Two key things if a trustee is appointed. First, the trustee will hold the NRA’s attorney-client privilege, not Mr. LaPierre. Mr. LaPierre will not be able to claim privilege for any conversations he had with the NRA’s attorneys. Second, a trustee has every incentive to pursue all of the NRA bankruptcy estate’s claims, including against Mr. LaPierre. That brings us to the next topic, the debtor in possession’s fiduciary duties.
Fiduciary duties. The NRA as debtor in possession is a fiduciary for all of its creditors. That means, among other things, that if the NRA has potential claims against Mr. LaPierre or others, including fraudulent transfer claims, it must pursue them. Mr. LaPierre as EVP cannot decide whether to litigate against himself. If he’s too conflicted, that will mean that the court will either have to appoint a trustee or let a creditors’ committee pursue the claims.
Snip.
The fate of Wayne LaPierre. Putting aside Mr. LaPierre’s employment contract, he’s got another problem. The NY AG suit isn’t just against the NRA. It’s also against Mr. LaPierre and some of his lieutenants. LaPierre and his lieutenants have not filed for bankruptcy, and even if the NRA is able to convert to a Texas corporation, the NYAG’s suit against Mr. LaPierre can still proceed. The NYAG is seeking restitution from LaPierre as well as a bar from his ever soliciting funds for a nonprofit in NY (not just for a NY nonprofit). Moreover, if NY is successful, it might well create problems for LaPierre serving as an officer of a nonprofit in another state. All of which is to say that the NRA fleeing to Texas doesn’t address Mr. LaPierre’s problems.
Once again, LaPierre is the millstone dragging down the NRA. The best outcome would be for the NRA to successfully reincorporate in Texas…but without LaPierre and his cronies bleeding the organization dry.
Tags: Adam Levitin, bankruptcy, fraud, Guns, New York, NRA, Texas, Wayne LaPierre
Until Wayne LaPierre is permanently gone, I will not give a dime to the NRA.
I am a life member of the NRA and have not sent them a dime since the LaPierre shenanigans came to light and will not until he is gone!