Just about every country of any size is worried about the possibility of drone attacks against their infrastructure. Saudi Arabia is no different. Seeking to protect their oil production facilities, they contracted to buy several anti-drone systems.
Foolishly for them, they bought them from China.
Saudi Arabia has become one of the first countries in the world to acquire Chinese laser-based air defense systems and anti-air missiles, purchasing China’s SkyShield integrated counter-drone system and HQ-17E to protect key sites and expensive air defense assets from drone attacks.
But operational experience in the kingdom’s harsh environment has revealed severe limitations of the Chinese HQ-17E and Laser Weapon.
The SkyShield system uses a layered approach that combines counter-drone radars with both “hard kill” and “soft kill” options. Each battery consists of four vehicles: a 3D TWA Radar, an AESA (Active Electronically Scanned Array) counter-drone radar with three side-facing panels providing 360-degree coverage without rotation; two JN1101 counter-drone jamming vehicles, which feature both interception and electronic jamming capabilities; and the Silent Hunter Laser Directed-Energy Weapon, intended for direct destruction of drones.
However, the radar failed to provide targeting data to both the jamming and laser elements, integrating the system into a single defensive package. The HQ-17E and Laser weapon’s integrated radar fails to detect targets and does not launch interceptors on time.
The HQ-17AE is a short-range surface-to-air weapon system advertised to operate in all weather conditions and capable of intercepting targets flying at low and medium altitude. Developed by the Second Academy of the state-owned China Aerospace Science and Industry Corporation (CASIC), it is an export version of the HQ-17A, itself derived from the Russian Tor system. The HQ-17E failed to operate in Saudi Arabia because the radar could not discriminate targets when used in clutter.
Saudi Arabia procured the SkyShield as part of its broader effort to counter the rising threat of unmanned aerial attacks on critical infrastructure. The system was fielded with assistance from Chinese specialists, and its initial demonstrations showed strong results.
However, a former Saudi military officer who coordinated the project said performance has not met expectations under operational conditions.
“Despite the strong performance demonstrated during trials, in real conditions the SkyShield components have lower effectiveness than promised,” he said.
The Silent Hunter laser, developed by China Electronics Technology Group Corporation (CETC), in particular was limited by environmental factors.
“In some cases, it took between 15 and 30 minutes of continuous targeting and laser illumination to guarantee a drone kill,” the officer explained. Dust and sand disrupted optical tracking and weakened the laser beam. Continuous exposure also caused abrasion to the optical systems, while the high desert heat forced much of the system’s power into cooling rather than firing.
15-30 minutes? You’d get better results from David’s sling. And I don’t mean the Israel air defense system, I mean a guy with an actual sling, chucking rocks.
Or a Boy Scout with a BB gun. (Or whatever has replaced the Boy Scouts these days.)
The chances of a drone standing still for 30 minutes while you laser it are about as good as a 7-Eleven hot dog roller garnering three stars from Michelin.
To be fair, laser anti-drone weapons are tricky. We’re working on a couple of possibilities. Ukraine has one. The UK is working on one, tentatively slated for 2027.
So how can China have a working system if the countries they steal from haven’t fully developed one yet?
Now the Saudis have belatedly discovered what Americans already knew: China’s products are crap.