Japan is beset by many problems, most notably spiraling national debt and a collapsing birth rate. But they don’t lack technological savvy or civic foresight, as indicated by the massive disaster recovery infrastructure expansion they’re investing in for Tokyo.
What does Tokyo have to worry about? Earthquakes, fires, typhoons, floods, and volcanoes (including iconic Mount Fuji). “This city is constantly on the brink of disaster.”
“This is a city that really shouldn’t be here, but it is, because engineers have developed some of the most extensive and advanced countermeasures anywhere in the world. But it’s not enough.”
“The number of threats Tokyo faces, and the damage those threats could cause is only getting worse. A quarter of Japan’s population now lives in the greater Tokyo area, and the city center accounts for more than 20% of this country’s GDP. If disaster struck now, it wouldn’t just be bad for Tokyo. It will have a knock-on effect for this entire country and even the world. This place, this city, really matters.”
“But Tokyo is not exactly a city that does things by half measures. So when it came to protect yourself from annihilation, they decided to go big by building one of the biggest civil defense projects in history.”
“This is the Pacific Ring of Fire, a 40,000 kilometer tectonic belt. It was this that forced Japan out of the sea in the first place, but also left it studded with volcanoes, 111 of which are still active today. And while you only need two plates growing together to create some seismic activity, Japan lies across four, which means this one country is struck by 18% of all the world’s earthquakes.”
“And as if all that wasn’t enough, thousands of kilometers of ocean to the south, that leaves it wide open to typhoons and tsunamis rolling in from the Pacific.”
“Throughout its history, Tokyo has been quite literally razed to the ground numerous times. But now with 40 million people living here, that simply can’t happen again. Which is why in December 2022, the city’s governments hatched a plan. The Tokyo Resilience Project.”
“It’s going to take 18 years to fully complete and cost ¥17 trillion, which is around 109 billion USD.”
“Flooding is a critical threat to Tokyo, 124km², a fifth of central Tokyo, lies below sea level, so the TRP is not taking any chances.”
“Over the last 40 years, the amounts of heavy downpours have almost doubled in Japan. Flooding was a daily part of life in Tokyo. And it was only getting worse. In 1992, the city’s government embarked on an extraordinary project in response to this challenge, an underground system made up of five silos which collect flood water from nearby rivers and channel it down a 6.5km tunnel into this huge hall.”
“This is the metropolitan area, outer underground discharge channel, or G-CANs for short. It is a water tank. It is an enormous space 25m high. It’s 50m beneath the city streets, 177m long and 78m wide. This place cost 2 billion USD and took 17 years to build. Now it’s capable of pumping out 200 tons of water a second.”
“While the scale of this place might be mind boggling, here’s the thing. The Tokyo Resilience Project is working on doubling the capacity of this system.”
The water diversion channels are similarly massive. “This space is 12.4m wide. It runs for 5.4km, or it will do when they finished building, it and it’s going to connect up to two other tunnels to create a network that’s 13km long.”
This massive project requires equally massive machinery. “To dig this channel, engineers constructed an enormous [tunnel boring machine] nearly 12m wide, weighing in at a massive 2800 tons…Just ahead of me up here is the massive cutting head is pushing forward through the soil. 12.5m wide rotating rounds to dig out this huge hole.”
The video also shows a giant rock friction apparatus that tests how earthquake fault slips occur.
The Mori JP Tower, completed in 2023, isn’t just a the skyscraper in Japan. “Five stories beneath the streets of Tokyo, directly under that super tall skyscraper that’s rising above my head. You’ll find this: back up in the generators, a huge water supply fed by an underground, well. Extensive food supplies, batteries and amazing series of systems that enable this building to keep running independently should the worst happen in the surrounding city.” Even the huge backup generator is on isolation springs.
“These diesel generators work alongside a massive bank of batteries in case of an emergency so that if a disaster destroys the power grids, the tower can be completely self-sufficient. It’s so safe here that the skyscraper acts as a refuge for people in the area. Inside this storeroom are enough supplies to feed 3600 people for three days. These kits include everything from tinned food, bottled water, toilets and even baby supplies.”
“None of this would mean anything if the building wasn’t still standing in the first place. Part of this tower’s earthquake defenses are made up of hundreds of pistons known as oil dampers located all around the building.”
“About 86km² of Tokyo is still densely packed with old wooden housing, which is a high risk of secondary fires. Neighborhoods like these have been earmarked for redevelopments which will feature new roads to buildings and parks to act as firebreaks. And that’s not all. Overhead wires and cables like these are prone to collapsing and starting fires. And that’s why over 1000km of roads across the city are having their overhead utilities replaced and moved underground.” The utility change is no doubt long overdue, but I fear redevelopment will change the charm of old Tokyo.
There’s a lot to learn here for disaster recovery preparation for American cities. Houston is another broad, flat cities that get flooding from hurricanes. (As is New Orleans, but its gumbo-like soil makes building massive underground infrastructure like this difficult.)
Los Angeles and San Francisco could certainly learn earthquake and disaster recover lessons from Tokyo, but we all know such massive infrastructure projects are all but impossible to complete in Democrat-run blue cities in blue states. The regulatory burden is all but insurmountable, and even then, vast amounts of money allocated to the project are inevitably raked off in graft for the hard left…